Process of cracking petroleum oil



Patented May 15, 192s.

GUSTAV- EGLOFF,- OF CHICArO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR This TO UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY, OF HICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

PROCESS OF CRAQKING PETROLEUM OIL.

Application led'October 27, 1923. Serial No. 671,070.

invention relates to improvements in a process of cracking petroleum oil, and

refers process i 6 through Vexpansion chamber,

ofthe is removed fromr the expansion more particularly to that type of n which the oil is initially passed a heating coil and thence to an where a greater part vaporization takes place. The vapor chamber and subjected to a reiux condensing action.

The

feature of-the invention is that both the reflux condensate and the residuum are recycled reactlon,

so as to subject them to further but in such a wa'y as to avoid contamination of the heating coil with the recoil.

siduum thereby stopping or clogging-,the

The invention will more particularly ap- Referring to the drawings 'ligure of which ear from the following description, to

is attached a drawing, the single shows a somewhat diagramview partly in side elevation and in vertical section of the apparatus. (1) designates the furnace in which is mounted the heating coil (2), which may take the form of continuous length of say 4 fed tothe coil by raw line (4).

pipe, the oil being oil pump (3) andfeed The oil passes out of the coil through transfer line (5) and throttle valve 6) to the upper part of expansion chamber 7) which may take the form of a vertical shown. Expansion chamded at its upper end with a e (8) having control valve d connected to a horizontal extending ,i

dephlegmator (10). Vapors pass out of the' dephlegmator through vapo ing control valve (12) to con and thence through pipe (14) havin valve (15) to the top of receiver (16 receiver (16) has the gas control valve (17) r pipe (11) hav'- denser coil (13) control This and liquid control valve (18).

It is understoo d that these various valves are throttle valves by which the iiow of the liquid The can be regulated. v v residuum is drawn ed the expansion 7) through pipe (19) through'any lines 19a controlled by valves 19b an thence recirculated by circulation pump (20) and line (21) back to (5) just before it entersthe ber (7) as shown at densate is drawn o the transfer line expansion cham- (22). The reflux conil' the bottom of the dephlegmator through pipe (23) having y\ Valve (24) back to the circulating pump f (20), the arrangement being such that both the reflux condensate and the residuum may be recirculated through the expansion chamber (7) and further distillation takes place;l the reliuX condensate and residuum being heated, of course, by the incoming raw oil.l

-If desired, more or less of the reflux condensate can be by-passed through branch pipe (23') b regulating valves (24), (30) and gimilarly, more or less of the residuum may be by-passed through branch ('26) by regulating valves (27) and (28).

If desired, more or less of the reiiux may be fed directly and returned directly to the coil through the line (29) by suitably regulating valves (80) and (25) closing va ve (24). It will be seen that by means of the present arrangement the reiiux condensate and residuum may be 'recirculated through the expansion chamber where they will be subjected to further distillation, and that the residuum is at all times kept out of contact with the raw oil in the coil (2). e

In carrying out the process the. raw voil may be fed through the coil lto where it may be heated to a temperature of 850 F. and

subjected or more,

flux line, either to the expansion chamber,

,or heating coil, while the uncondensed vapors will pass to the receiver. Thelresiduum, or such portions thereof as desired, will be recirculated through the chamber (7). A 4unriorm pressure may be maintained in the entire system, or a higher pressure maintained in the coil thanin the expansiony chamber.

I claim as my invention:

1. A process for cracking petroleum oil consisting in passing the oil through a heating coil, where it is subjected to cracking conditions of temperature, thence to an expansion chamber removing 4vapors from said expansion chamber and subjecting them to a reflux condensing action withdrawing residuum from said expansion chamber and recirculating lthe residuum directly back through said expansion chamber where it is further distilled by returning the same to the vapor space of said expansion chamber, -and returning the refluxcondensate `to said expansion chamber for fm'ther treatment.

from said expansion chamber and -recirculating the residuum directlyeback through the vapor space otsaid expansion chamber where it is further distilled.

3. A process for crackingpertoleum oil consisting in passing the oil through a heating coil, where it is subjected to cracking conditions of temperature, thenceto an expansion chamber removing vapors from said expansion chamber and subjecting them tol a reflux condensing action withdrawing residuum from said expansion chamber and recirculating the residuum directly back through the vapor space of said expansion chamberwhere 'it is further distilled, and

returning reflux condensate to said system, for further treatment.

4. A continuous process of oil conversion, consisting l1n advancing a stream of oil through a heatingv zone wherein it is sub-` jected to a cracking temperature, in introducing the highly-heated oil into Van enlarged react-ion zone wherein a body of oil accumulates and substantial vaporization takes place, in dephlegmating the evolved vapors, in continuously ,withdrawing unvaporized residual oil from said reaction zone below the liquid level of the oil therein, and in returning such withdrawn residual oil under a mechanical pressure directly and without passing the same through the heating zone into the vapor space in said reaction zone to undergo further treatment there-in, and in maintaining a self-generated superatmospheric vapor pressure on the oil in said stream and in said reaction zone.

5.` A continuous process of oil conversion, consisting in subjecting an advancing stream of oil to a cracking temperature in a heating zone, in passing heated oil from said stream into an enlar ed reaction chamber wherein a body of liquid oil accumulates and substantial vaporization occurs, in dephlemating the evolved vapors, in continuously withdrawing unvaporized residual oil from said reaction zone, in isolating predetermined portions of such residual oil from the .ing zone, in passing heated oil from said stream` into an enlarged reaction chamber wherein a body of liquid oil accumulates and substantial vaporization occurs, in dephleg- .mating the evolvedvapors, in continuously withdrawing unvaporized residual oil from said reaction zone, ink isolating predtermined portionsof suchresidual oil from the system, in returning the remaining portion of the residual oil under a mechanical pressure without increasing the temperature thereof, directly to the v aporspace of said reaction zone for further treatment, in maintaininga superatmospheric vapor pressure on the oil in said stream and reaction zone, and in uniting reflux condensate resulting from dephlegmation of the vapors with a supply of charging stock to ube introduced therewithjto said stream of oil for further treatment.

7. A continuous process for converting hydrocarbon oil comprising subjecting the oil susr to a cracking temperature in a heating zone,

introducing the heated oil into an enlarged reaction zone wherein a body of oil accumulates and substantial vaporization occurs,

dephlegmating the vapors, evolved from the oil, continuously withdrawing unvaporized j .sate directly and without passage through the heating zone into the vapor space in said reaction zone to undergo further treatment therein, and maintaining a superatmospheric pressure on the oil/undergoing treatment in the process.

GUSTAV EGLOFF. 

